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What is LED and construction of LED


LED

Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a source of light that should be used worldwide and number of applications of LED due to it's properties and performance.

In this section we learn about What is LED, Function of LED, construction of LED, How LED works, Advantages of LED, Disadvantages of LED, Application of LED.

What is Light Emitting Diode (LED)?
LED symbol

LED is special type of diode. It is an electric component that emits light when the electric current flows through it. When current passes through the LED, the electrons recombine with holes emitting light in the process. The characteristics of LED similar as the p-n junction diode that means that an LED allows the flow of current in its forward direction while it blocks the flow in the reverse direction.

Construction of LED
LED Construction

The semiconductor material used in LED is Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Gallium Phosphide (GaP) or Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP). Any of the above mentioned compounds can be used for the construction of LED, but the colour of radiated light changes with the change in material.

Working Of LED

LED diagram

The working principle of LED is similar as P-N Junction diode.The LED diode works when it is forward biased. In this case, the n-type semiconductor is heavily doped than the p-type forming the p-n junction. When it is forward biased, the potential barrier gets reduced and the electrons and holes combine at the depletion layer, light or photons are emitted or radiated in all directions.

Advantages of LED

LED Lamp

1. Wide temperature range.
2. Fast switching time.
3. Low power consumption.
4. Economical and Reliable.
5. Small size.
6. Long life.

Disadvantages of LED

LED

1. High cost.
2. LED may get damage due to high voltage or high current.
3.Temperature dependance.

Application of LED

Use of LED

1. As a indicator light.
2. In Digital components.
3. Remote control system.
4. Electrical and Electronics displays.
5. Opto isolators
6. Lighting system.
7. Signalling system.




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